What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to present a minimal theoretical framework called Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC) to interpret cosmic expansion.

March 2, 2026Open Access

Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC) v1.0

Key Points

The aim is to present a minimal theoretical framework called Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC) to interpret cosmic expansion.
Developed a theoretical framework for cosmic observations.
Replaced dark energy with a single internal structural variable.
Derived effective expansion observables from projected quantities.
Provided a falsifiable criterion to distinguish SDC from ΛCDM.
Introduced SDC as an alternative to traditional cosmological models.
Created new criteria for testing SDC against existing models.
Outlined potential for future observational connections and empirical tests.

Abstract

This work introduces Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC), a minimal theoretical framework in which the observed cosmic expansion is interpreted as an observational projection of irreversible internal structural differentiation in an externally closed universe. The theory replaces dark energy with a single internal structural variable and derives effective expansion observables as projected quantities. A clear falsifiable criterion distinguishing SDC from ΛCDM is provided. This is version 1.0 of the framework. Future versions may extend observational connections, figures, and empirical tests.

Structural Differentiation Cosmology (SDC) v1.0

Key Points

Abstract

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