Improving imitation skills in children on the autism spectrum through video modeling

Purpose This study aims to compare the effectiveness of video modeling and in vivo modeling in enhancing imitation-based practical skills in children with a diagnosis of autism. It also examines the generalization and maintenance of these skills over time, taking into account individual cognitive profiles. Design/methodology/approach This study involved eight autistic children, aged 4–10, who participated in structured training sessions focused on practical and social tasks. Using a randomized sequence, each participant was exposed to both video and in vivo modeling. The authors used a comparison study to measure progress and compare the two methods. Findings Both interventions led to significant improvements in imitation-based skills. In vivo modeling produced quicker initial responses, while video modeling proved more effective in promoting generalization to unstructured contexts and ensuring better long-term maintenance. The participants’ cognitive profiles influenced the effectiveness of each method. Research limitations/implications The small sample size and short-term observation period limit the generalizability of the results. Further studies are needed to refine instructional protocols and tailor interventions based on individual learner profiles. Practical implications The findings highlight the practical value of video modeling as a flexible tool for teaching functional skills in people with Autism while also recognizing the situational strengths of in vivo instruction. Social implications This research supports the use of individualized, evidence-based teaching strategies to promote autonomy and social participation among autistic children, underscoring the importance of adaptive and inclusive practices in educational and therapeutic settings. Originality/value By offering a direct comparison between two widely used modeling approaches, this study provides new insights into the design of effective, personalized interventions for developing imitation and daily living skills in autistic children.