The efficacy of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) for patients with lymphedema has been reported, but there is variability in treatment outcomes. We hypothesized that the primary cause of lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) is not primarily due to the influence of venous hydrostatic pressure, and implemented a surgical protocol of LVA aimed at preventing venous reflux as much as possible to evaluate its treatment outcomes.
Shinsuke Akita (Sat,) studied this question.