Recent advances in integrative research have preeminently emphasized on the tri-directional, reciprocal interplay between ageing, diabetes mellitus (DM), and (re)emerging infectious diseases. Pivotal results earmark that diabetes functions as a significant predisposing factor for severe infection, especially among the elderly population, emanating from immune system senescence and chronic inflammation, whereas infections on their own are capable of exacerbating metabolic dysfunction. We live in a challenging era, highlighted by strife and wars, political pressure, deadly diseases, inchoate sustainable governance and systems. Generally, focus on a specific research discipline or country, may not be considered appropriate for publication and global consumption, thus researchers ought to think locally and act globally. Diverse research across disciplines has enriched understanding of inter alia intricately complex geopolitical and socioeconomic spheres, health and environmental challenges, opportunities and priorities. Epidemiology involves the study, analysis and understanding of the dissemination, patterns, and determinants of health and disease states in specifically distinct populations. Research into the various dynamics of disease emergence and reemergence frequently focuses on the identification of key driving parameters which elevate outbreak risk. The primary drivers for emergence, reemergence and distribution inculcate human-animal interactions (zoonoses). The incessant frequency and interaction between humans and wildlife, frequently driven by agricultural expansive diversification and habitat encroachment, grants the latitude for pathogens to jump species. Due to climate change, the anomalous altering of global temperatures and weather trajectories expand the geographic magnitude of disease vectors mosquitoes which introduce pathogenic organisms to nascent precincts. In accelerated global mobility, air travel and trade expose the dissemination of infectious diseases rapidly across regions, from local outbreaks to global pandemics. Research abound on the primordial mechanisms of ageing, the process of cellular senescence, and lifespan, expansively. Research goals prevail to understand the clinicopathological correlates of diabetes, enhancing diagnostic techniques, therapeutic strategies, and the prevention of sequelae inextricably linked to the disease. Invariably, investigations are focused on the dynamics of extant, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, tracking and defining transmission patterns and trajectories, new vaccine development, and enhanced preparedness for future pandemics. These incessant research inputs constrict the lacunae between basic biology and clinical medicine, culminating in enhanced health and quality of life. Public health strategies are associated with research and concern on transmission and dissemination dynamics which direct critical policies for outbreak prevention, preparedness, abatement, control, with pertinent strategic surveillance systems, contact tracing, and vaccination programmes. These strategies function in synergy to ameliorate or obviate disease dissemination by the provisions of detailed information and guidance through domestic and international organisations on the implementation of these measures effectively. This research review tends to enhance predictive stances by providing academia, health organizations and the general public for better anticipation and preparedness for future disease outbreaks.
Dr. Chrysanthus Chukwuma Sr* (Sun,) studied this question.