The Hubble tension describes the persistent discrepancy between early-universe measurements (H ≈ 67 km/s/Mpc) and late-universe measurements (H ≈ 73 km/s/Mpc). This paper applies the tetrad formalism of General Relativity to this problem. The tetrad requires k=4 orthonormal basis vectors (one timelike, three spacelike) to close the local frame. This same k=4 appears in the ADM constraint structure (1 Hamiltonian + 3 momentum), LIGO's polarization count (10 − 2k = 2), and Regge calculus. Field closure with k=4 topology is the dimensional requirement of 3+1 spacetime. Two independent routes identify the minimal closure size of the gravitational field: 2.82 fm. Electromagnetic stability gives rₑ = e²/4πε₀mₑc² = 2.818 fm; gravitational topology gives rₑ = k√(Gmₑ/a₀) = 2.82 fm. These routes use different physics yet converge to 0.21%. The MOND equation a₀ = cH/(2π) predicts H = 78.90 km/s/Mpc. Yet a century of observations has measured H between 67 and 73, never near 79. The tetrad formalism resolves this discrepancy: gravity has field structure, and measurements pass through it. Projecting MOND through the k=4 tetrad topology gives H = 78.90/√(k/π) = 69.92 km/s/Mpc, matching GW170817 (70.0 ± 12) to 0.11%. The derivation is bidirectional: the observed H recovers the electron mass to 0.10% of CODATA. The framework predicts all Hubble measurements scatter within ±6.2% of 69.92 km/s/Mpc. All six major methods fall within this range. The apparent tension between early and late-universe values is the predicted consequence of measuring through k=4 flat local frames to a curved cosmological boundary. Three independent tests confirm k=4.
Stephen Nelson (Mon,) studied this question.