Photoelectrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of MUC1 based on titanium dioxide/polypyrrole/carboxy polyethylene glycol hybrid anti-fouling interface

Key Points

• Ultrasensitive detection of MUC1 was achieved using a novel photoelectrochemical aptasensor with a hybrid interface.
• The detection limit reached 1 fg/mL, highlighting exceptional sensitivity for early disease diagnosis.
• Assessment involved a hybrid anti-fouling interface combining titanium dioxide and polypyrrole to reduce background noise.
• This method emphasizes the need for further optimization and validation in clinical settings.