The publisher of the Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences wishes to retract the article by Amedzro St-Hilaire W and Boisselier P (2019), “The coordinated strategy for the optimization of the interaction level of business model,” Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Vol. 35 No. 2 pp. 79-93, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-08-2017-0080. This article previously featured an expression of concern due to unaddressed authorship concerns; subsequent investigation and new information has now identified additional issues. Specifically, that the author Walter Amedzro St-Hilaire was not authorised to present himself as affiliated with the University of Ottawa. As a result, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. This retraction supersedes the prior expression of concern. The decision to retract has been informed by COPE's guidelines on retractions and Emerald's publishing ethics. Emerald's authorship policy guidelines make it clear that authorship is a fundamental aspect of transparency in the publication process and ensures accountability and responsibility for reported research. This issue has been corrected in the published version and the article's metadata. The publisher of the journal sincerely apologizes to the readers.
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