Role of laser beam shape and energy density in modulating surface quality, porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PBF-LB/M Ti-6Al-4V

Key Points

• Surface quality increases as laser beam shape is refined, demonstrating a direct correlation with energy density.
• Porosity levels decrease with optimal energy density settings, indicating improved material integrity in Ti-6Al-4V.
• Microstructure analysis shows enhanced grain structures dependent on laser energy, affecting overall mechanical properties.
• Optimizing laser parameters may enable better performance in industrial applications, emphasizing the importance of control.