Metagenomics and targeted metabolomics uncover concomitant gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acid metabolism alteration in norfloxacin-exposed Bufo gargarizans tadpoles

Key Points

• Gut microbiota dysbiosis occurs alongside altered bile acid metabolism in exposed tadpoles.
• Findings highlight significant shifts in microbial communities and bile acids after norfloxacin exposure.
• Analysis utilized metagenomics and targeted metabolomics to evaluate microbial and metabolic changes.
• Study suggests that exposure to antibiotics like norfloxacin can disrupt gut health in amphibians.