Immobile iron-rich particles enhance simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus retention in treatment wetlands

Key Points

• Enhanced nitrogen removal coupled with phosphorus retention occurs with the use of iron-rich particles, improving treatment efficiency.
• The introduction of iron-rich particles resulted in a 30% increase in nitrogen removal rates and significant phosphorus retention.
• This analysis employed both field observations and laboratory experiments to measure water quality outcomes in treatment wetlands.
• The findings suggest that integrating iron-rich particles may substantially strengthen existing water treatment protocols, enhancing nutrient management.