Combination therapy for colorectal cancer with anti-PD-L1 and cancer vaccine: A multiscale mathematical model of tumor-immune interactions

Key Points

• Combination therapy improves response to anti-PD-L1 in colorectal cancer treatment.
• The model predicts enhanced immune activation and tumor reduction through combined interventions.
• Observational analysis using a multiscale mathematical model demonstrates interactions between tumor dynamics and immune responses.
• The findings support the exploration of combination therapies, highlighting their potential in colorectal cancer.