Nitrate source identification and health risk assessment of surface waters in southwestern China

Key Points

• Nitrate contamination levels in surface waters pose significant health risks, especially to vulnerable populations.
• The study reveals a notable nitrate concentration exceeding 20 mg/L in several tested locations across southwestern China.
• Assessment of surface waters through various chemical analysis techniques highlights the principal sources of nitrate contamination.
• Identifying these sources supports the need for effective policy and management strategies to mitigate health risks.