The association between private tutoring and mathematics learning outcomes in primary and secondary schools: A three-level meta-analysis

Key Points

• Private tutoring significantly improves mathematics learning outcomes in students, indicating its effectiveness as an educational intervention.
• The meta-analysis aggregates data from multiple studies, ensuring comprehensive insights into tutoring's impact across educational levels.
• This assessment includes findings from both primary and secondary schools, highlighting the broad applicability of private tutoring in enhancing math skills.
• The results suggest that integrating private tutoring can lead to improved student performance in mathematics, warranting further exploration of educational support systems.