Trace processing in forensic investigations involves key decision-making steps, starting with the decision to attend a crime scene to the analysis of a trace. Each stage is shaped by a combination of human, organisational, and contextual factors, and involves various stakeholders with diverse backgrounds and priorities, acting as decision-makers at different points in the process. However, the complexity of decision-making in trace processing remains underexplored, with limited studies offering a comprehensive review of the entire workflow. This study presents the results of a Systematic Literature Review of 363 studies examining the decision-making process throughout trace processing. The review investigates four key stages: (1) crime scene attendance, often influenced by the offense type, policies, and case specifics; (2) trace detection, determined by physical and environmental conditions, prior knowledge, and search methods (3) trace selection, notably shaped by case priorities, triaging, and expected utility; and (4) trace analysis, guided by trace characteristics, resources, and investigative goals. A broader focus on the process as a whole highlights how human factors, including expertise and cognitive biases intersect with decision-making. The findings underscore significant variability in practices, notably driven by jurisdictional policies and training disparities. Additionally, the review identifies persistent gaps in procedural consistency, resource allocation, and forensic awareness. As early stages of the process shape subsequent steps, deficiencies in knowledge and practices at these stages can adversely affect the criminal justice process. By synthesizing current practices and identifying research gaps, this study offers an integrative overview of the factors shaping decision-making in trace processing.
Divoy et al. (Wed,) studied this question.