Proper orthogonal decomposition investigation of turbulent natural convection in an air-water system with evaporation across the free surface

Key Points

• Flow structures in the natural convection system are identified through proper orthogonal decomposition.
• Key findings indicate the complex interactions between liquid water and humid air dynamics.
• Analysis employed includes observational insight into the two-phase evaporation process across the free surface.
• Understanding of convection in this scenario may inform thermal management systems or environmental modeling.