Numerical determination of volumetric heat transfer coefficient in packed bed thermal energy storage system considering gravity and flow orientation

Key Points

• Volumetric heat transfer coefficient in packed beds depends on gravity and flow orientation, influencing efficiency.
• Analysis showed significant variations in heat transfer rates under different flow orientations.
• Numerical modeling was employed to evaluate the effects on thermal energy storage systems across various orientations.
• Highlights the importance of understanding fluid dynamics in optimizing thermal energy storage designs.