Synergistic and substitutive pathways for sustainable production and consumption in China's passenger vehicle transition: A dynamic multi-life-cycle assessment

Key Points

• Sustainable production methods significantly improve vehicle lifecycle efficiency, enhancing overall performance.
• Key metrics indicate that both synergistic and substitutive pathways can contribute to emission reductions.
• Dynamic multi-life-cycle assessment was utilized to analyze various production and consumption scenarios.
• Findings highlight the need for strategic planning in China's transportation policies to ensure a sustainable future.