Defect-engineered Bi–Ce oxide/carbon composites supported on eco-friendly wood sponge for efficient visible-light-driven N2 fixation

Key Points

• N2 fixation efficiency is significantly improved when utilizing visible-light-driven bi-ce oxide in carbon composites.
• In experiments, the co-catalyst framework showed a remarkable increase in performance with optimized material composition.
• Observational analysis of defect-engineered material on wood sponge was performed across multiple light conditions for enhanced reaction rates.
• This approach may enable more sustainable agricultural practices, providing a platform for green technologies if validated further.