Metabolomics-based authentication of acacia honey against C3 and C4 sugar adulteration

Key Points

• Authentication methods reveal specific biomarkers for detecting C3 and C4 sugar adulteration in acacia honey.
• Identified metabolomics signatures indicate unique profiles for authentic acacia honey versus adulterated variants.
• Analysis using spectroscopy techniques provides a reliable approach to differentiate between pure and adulterated honey samples.
• This work calls for more robust detection strategies to safeguard honey quality against rising adulteration rates.