Protein-dependent enhancement of biofilm formation by membrane vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23

Key Points

• Biofilm formation is significantly enhanced by the presence of protein-dependent membrane vesicles.
• The analysis demonstrates a clear increase in biofilm thickness when exposed to these vesicles under controlled conditions.
• This study involves assessment of biological interactions between Lacticaseibacillus casei and its secreted membrane vesicles.
• These findings suggest potential applications in microbial ecology and biotechnology, highlighting unexplored mechanisms.