"A Comprhensive Ayurvedic Review of Sandhivata W.S.R to Osteoarthritis"

Sandhivata described in Ayurveda under the spectrum of Vatavyadhi is a degenerative joint disorder that closely resembles osteoarthritis in modern medicine. It predominantly affects the elderly population and commonly involves weight -bearing joint such as the knees, hips, shoulders, and small joint of hands. Epidemiological studies indicate that osteoarthritis affects nearly 22-39% of the Indian population, with a higher prevalence among women and individuals above 40 years of age. In Ayurveda, Sandhivata is caused by aggravated Vata Dosha , which localizes in the Sandhi (joints), particularly in condition of Dhatu Kshaya and advanced age. Classical texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya describe Sandhivata as a Kashta Sadhya Vyadhi due to the involvement of Marma ,Madhyama Rogamarga and Asthi -Majjavaha Srotas. The cardinal features include Sandhishula(joint pain),Sandhishotha(swelling),Sandhisphutana(crepitus), and restricted joint movements. The pathogenesis of Sandhivata follows the general samprapti of Vatavyadhi progressing through the stages of shad Kriyakala from Sanchaya to Bheda. Ayurvedic management emphasizes both preventive and curative approaches, including Snehana, Swedana,Upanaha, Agnikarma,Bandhana, Basti therapy,Shamana Aushadhi ,Pathya-Apathya and Yogasana.these interventions aim to pacify aggravated Vata, nourish depleted Dhatus and restore joint function. Thus Ayurveda provides a holistic and effective approach for the long-term management of Sandhivata, especially in chronic degenerative joint disorder where conventional treatment has limitation.