Effect of Ga, N, and Ga + N co-doping on structural and electrical properties of sol–gel-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles

Key Points

• Enhanced electrical properties observed in ZnO nanoparticles with Ga and N co-doping—electrical conductivity increased by 30%.
• Co-doping with gallium and nitrogen effectively improved the structural and electrical properties of the nanoparticles.
• Sol-gel synthesis was used to synthesize the nanoparticles, highlighting a novel approach for material enhancement.
• Indicating that the findings may lead to advancements in electronic material applications, inviting further exploration.