A nonlethal and scalable bird deterrent: field validation of 15-Hz red flickering light across multiple species

Key Points

• Flickering light effectively reduces bird presence, demonstrating its potential as a nonlethal deterrent.
• Field trials showed significant reductions in bird counts across multiple species, with a peak efficacy observed at 15 Hz.
• Testing involved a systematic field validation approach, confirming the method's applicability in diverse environments.
• Results imply scalability for broader ecological applications, enhancing wildlife management strategies.