Extraplanar ultrasound-guided multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a retrospective comparative study in patients with complex nephrolithiasis

Key Points

• The technique enhances operative efficiency and ensures nephron preservation despite varied baseline stone loads.
• Operative efficiency improves patient outcomes, highlighting the advantage of using extraplanar ultrasound guidance.
• Retrospective comparative analysis across varying degrees of nephrolithiasis confirms the safety and efficacy of the approach.
• Findings support the use of multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy as a superior technique in managing complex cases.