Temperature-dependent effects of lanthanum-modified bentonite on sediment nitrogen removal processes and the underlying microbial mechanisms

Key Points

• Enhanced sediment nitrogen removal occurred at higher temperatures due to microbial activity.
• Nitrogen removal efficiency increased by 25% when using lanthanum-modified bentonite at 30°C; typical temperatures vary from 15°C to 35°C.
• Assessment using sediment samples demonstrated temperature-dependent microbial mechanisms underlying nitrogen transformation.
• Improved understanding of nutrient cycling in sediments promotes better environmental management strategies.