Allelopathic and herbicidal activities of Hedychium forrestii essential oils against major rice weeds

Key Points

• Herbicidal activity of Hedychium forrestii essential oils significantly affects major rice weeds.
• Inhibitory effects were observed on weed germination and growth, with up to 70% reduction in some cases.
• Analysis of essential oil extraction and testing highlighted potent allelopathic properties.
• Implications suggest these oils may serve as a natural alternative for weed control, supporting eco-friendly agriculture.