Religion, Revolution, and Statehood in the Islamic Ecumene: A Review Essay - Samir Amir Arjomand, Messianism and Sociopolitical Revolution in Medieval Islam (Oakland, CA, University of California Press, 2022, 388 p.) - Revolutions of the End of Time: Apocalypse, Revolution and Reaction in the Persianate World (Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2023, 252 p.) - Kings and Dervishes: Sufi World Renunciation and the Symbolism of Kingship in the Persianate World (Oakland, CA, University of California Press, 2025, 320 p.)
Armando Salvatore (Fri,) studied this question.