In this cutting-edge technological era, the efficient performance of all components plays a critical role in their sustainability and existence. Nanofluids play a vital role in augmenting the heat transfer performance of existing systems and also open new avenues for research and applications. Effective thermal management has become increasingly significant in modern engineering applications, ranging from power generation and automotive systems to electronics cooling and advanced manufacturing. Traditional heat transfer fluids such as water, oil, and ethylene glycol have limited thermal conductivity, which restricts their ability to meet growing thermal performance demands. In this regard, novel nanofluids prepared by dispersing nanoscale particles into conventional base fluids offer a promising solution for improving heat transfer efficiency. The present study highlights the potential of nanofluids in thermal management systems through improved thermal conductivity, improved convective heat transfer, and superior heat dissipation characteristics. The enhancement mechanisms, including Brownian motion of nanoparticles, increased surface area, and improved interfacial interactions, contribute significantly to overall system performance. Applications in heat exchangers, solar collectors, automotive cooling systems, and precision machining processes demonstrate measurable improvements in temperature control, energy efficiency, and operational stability. Despite these advantages, challenges such as nanoparticle stability, increased viscosity, and cost considerations must be carefully addressed to ensure practical implementation. Overall, the integration of novel nanofluids represents a progressive step toward energy-efficient and sustainable thermal management technologies.
Awdhesh Kumar Poddar (Thu,) studied this question.