What question did this study set out to answer?

To propose a hydrodynamic framework that addresses the Hubble Tension via the Z4DP model and validate its predictions.

March 10, 2026Open Access

Z4DP: Hydrodynamic Reproduction of Relativistic Orbital Precession and the Hubble Tension Solution

Key Points

To propose a hydrodynamic framework that addresses the Hubble Tension via the Z4DP model and validate its predictions.
Developed the Z4DP framework as an effective field theory treating vacuum as an elastic superfluid.
Defined a physical vacuum impedance to investigate cosmological implications.
Derived the interaction coefficient (k=3) considering the Tri-Modal Response.
Conducted numerical validation using the REBOUND N-body package with IAS15 integrator.
Achieved over 99% accuracy in reproducing perihelion precession predictions of General Relativity.
Specifically, the model showed 99.97% accuracy for Venus, confirming its effectiveness.
Validated the framework’s implications for resolving the Hubble Tension.

Abstract

We present the Z4DP (Zero 4D Motion) framework, an effective field theory treating the vacuum as an elastic superfluid medium. This model offers a potential resolution to the current cosmological crisis (the Hubble Tension) by defining a physical vacuum impedance. A key contribution of this work is the derivation of the interaction coefficient (k=3) based on the "Tri-Modal Response" of the medium (Compression, Torsion, Tension). Numerical validation using the REBOUND N-body package (IAS15 integrator) confirms that this model reproduces General Relativity predictions for perihelion precession with > 99% accuracy (e.g., Venus: 99.97%) through purely hydrodynamic mechanics.

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