ABSTRACT The thermodynamics of multiphase particle flow systems hold significant theoretical value for engineering applications in fields such as energy and chemical engineering. To address this, a high‐performance hybrid FVM‐DEM framework, named as CoSim‐FVDEM, utilizing GPU acceleration, is proposed. The framework supports unresolved, resolved, and resolved–unresolved coupling methods, making it suitable for multiphase thermodynamic studies involving solid particles of various sizes. The accuracy of the developed algorithms is validated through a series of test cases, including single phase heat transfer, single‐particle convective heat transfer, and fluidized bed cases. Numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the thermodynamic behavior of gas–liquid–solid three‐phase systems in a fluidized bed comprising broadly graded particles. Based on the numerical results, the thermodynamic behavior of the three‐phase particle flow is analyzed and the computational efficiency of the algorithms is evaluated. The results demonstrate that the CoSim‐FVDEM developed in this study can be effectively applied to the thermodynamic analysis of large‐scale multiphase particle flow.
Zhang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.