"background": "Industrial machinery fleets in developing economies face significant operational risks, yet systematic, data-driven methodologies for quantifying and mitigating these risks are scarce. Existing approaches often lack the longitudinal rigour needed to isolate the effects of specific interventions from operational noise. ", "purpose and objectives": "This study aims to develop and evaluate a robust methodological framework for assessing machinery fleet risk. Its core objective is to utilise panel-data econometrics to measure the causal effect of structured maintenance protocols on incident reduction within an industrial setting. ", "methodology": "A novel panel-data model was specified and estimated using a uniquely compiled dataset from multiple Senegalese industrial sites. The fixed-effects model, IncidentRate{it = \ + \1 Protocolit + \2 Ageit + \3 Utilisationit + u₈ₓ, controlled for unobserved heterogeneity. Inference was based on cluster-robust standard errors to account for intra-site correlation. ", "findings": "The implementation of structured maintenance protocols was associated with a statistically significant 22. 5% reduction in the machinery incident rate (95% CI: 18. 1% to 26. 9%). The model's fixed effects were highly significant, confirming substantial inter-site heterogeneity in baseline risk. ", "conclusion": "The proposed panel-data methodology provides a rigorous, evidence-based tool for evaluating engineering safety interventions. It successfully isolates the risk-reduction impact of systematic maintenance from confounding factors inherent in fleet operations. ", "recommendations": "Industrial operators should adopt panel-data analysis for continuous safety performance monitoring. Regulatory frameworks should encourage the collection of standardised, time-series operational data to facilitate such evidence-based engineering management. ", "key words": "machinery risk, panel data, fixed-effects model, maintenance protocols, industrial safety, econometric evaluation", "contribution statement": "This paper provides the first application of a panel-data econometric framework to quantify the causal impact of engineering interventions on machinery fleet risk in an industrial African
Aminata Diop (Wed,) studied this question.