What question did this study set out to answer?

To propose a cosmological framework where energy degradation is the fundamental variable influencing time and expansion.

March 15, 2026Open Access

The Unique Now (UN) Model: A cosmological approach based on energy degradation

Key Points

To propose a cosmological framework where energy degradation is the fundamental variable influencing time and expansion.
Developed an alternative cosmological model based on global energy degradation
Derived expansion equations analogous to the Friedmann equations
Interpreted time as a variable dependent on energy degradation
Demonstrated that energy degradation influences the arrow of time
Provided a method to interpret universe expansion and redshift energetically
Proposed a theoretical framework for future cosmological observations comparisons

Abstract

An alternative cosmological model is presented in which the fundamental variable of the universe is the global energy degradation, Ed. In this framework, time emerges as a variable dependent on Ed, and the arrow of time is interpreted as a consequence of the irreversible decrease in available energy. Expansion equations equivalent to the Friedmann equations are derived, expressed in terms of Ed, and a scheme is proposed to interpret the expansion of the universe and the redshift from an energetic perspective. This approach offers a theoretical framework for future comparisons with cosmological observations.

The Unique Now (UN) Model: A cosmological approach based on energy degradation

Key Points

Abstract

Cite This Study