What question did this study set out to answer?

To optimally size a hybrid nanogrid system to supply a household in Biskra Oasis, Algeria.

March 15, 2026

Nanogrid solutions for rural electrification: Optimal design of a standalone hybrid system with renewable energy sources in the North African Sahara

Key Points

To optimally size a hybrid nanogrid system to supply a household in Biskra Oasis, Algeria.
Hybrid configurations of PV, wind turbines, battery storage, and diesel generator are evaluated.
Symbiotic Organisms Search algorithm is applied and compared with Particle Swarm Optimization.
Performance is assessed based on the levelized cost of energy, excess energy, and loss of power supply.
The PV/wind turbine/battery/diesel generator system achieved the lowest levelized cost of energy at 0.1139 $/kWh.
Net present cost was 39,930.19 $, indicating economic viability.
Loss of power supply probability was maintained at 0.0201, demonstrating reliability.

Abstract

Energy systems that rely on solar and wind turbines (WT) are among the most economical and environmentally friendly power sources. The hybrid renewable energy system combines at least two renewable power sources such as WT and solar panels with other sources like fuel cells or ocean energy. A nanogrid represents an efficient and sustainable solution for providing energy in desert and rural areas as it combines solar and wind sources to ensure a stable supply. With its hybrid configuration, it reduces dependence on fossil fuels, making it more economical and environmentally viable, especially in remote locations. This study aims to optimally size an isolated hybrid nanogrid system supplying a household in Biskra Oasis, Algeria. The system includes photovoltaic panels (PV), WT, battery storage, and a diesel generator (DG). The methodology is based on the application of the Symbiotic Organisms Search algorithm. It is used for the first time in this context and compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization method. The objective is to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and excess energy sent to the dummy load (DummyEXC) while maintaining a low loss of power supply probability (LPSP). Three hybrid configurations are assessed: PV/WT/battery/DG, WT/battery/DG, and PV/battery/DG. The results indicate that the PV/WT/battery/DG configuration provides the best performance, achieving an LCOE of 0. 1139 /kWh, a net present cost of 39 930. 19, and an LPSP of 0. 0201. This confirms its suitability and reliability for rural electrification.

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Cite This Study

Bacha et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b606c483145bc643d1d07a https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0299471

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