What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to validate multi-scale particle image velocimetry against numerical simulations in respiratory flow.

March 16, 2026Open Access

Multi-scale particle image velocimetry for respiratory flows and comparison with numerical simulations

Key Points

The study aims to validate multi-scale particle image velocimetry against numerical simulations in respiratory flow.
Utilized macro- and micro-scale Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for flow analysis.
Created rigid bifurcation models using high-resolution DLP 3D printing.
Examined flow fields under both steady and unsteady conditions, including high-frequency and low-Reynolds microflows.
Compared experimental measurements with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results.
Demonstrated agreement between experimental measurements and CFD results for velocity profiles.
Validated the approach for analyzing respiratory flows under varying conditions.
Confirmed the effectiveness of 3D printed models in flow analysis.

Abstract

This work presents a multi-scale experimental validation framework using macro- and micro-scale Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Rigid bifurcation models are fabricated using high-resolution DLP 3D printing. Flow fields are analyzed under steady and unsteady conditions, including high-frequency flow (Wo = 4.3) and low-Reynolds microflows. Comparisons of velocity profiles demonstrated agreement between experimental measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results.

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