The economic aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and security in the 21st century represents a dynamic intersection of technological innovation, global competitiveness, and national resilience. AI has become a core driver of economic growth, enhancing productivity, optimizing decision-making, and transforming industries such as finance, defence, and critical infrastructure. However, this same technology introduces new vulnerabilities, including cyber threats, data breaches, and algorithmic manipulation that can undermine financial stability and national security. The integration of AI in defence economics enables states to reduce operational costs, automate intelligence processes, and predict security risks with unprecedented precision. Meanwhile, the global AI arms race has intensified economic competition among major powers, leading to strategic investments in AI-driven research, military modernization, and regulatory frameworks. The 21st-century economy is thus increasingly defined by "algorithmic security," where data, knowledge, and computational power constitute strategic assets. Balancing innovation with ethical governance, economic sustainability, and international cooperation remains essential to harness AI's potential while mitigating its disruptive impact on economic and security systems.
Sklias et al. (Thu,) studied this question.