The influence of spirituality on perceived role of ethics and social responsibility: Pakistan versus China

Abstract Despite the widespread belief that spirituality has a favorable influence on morals and ethics, research has yielded varied results. There is also a dearth of cross-cultural studies examining spirituality, Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility (PRESOR), and their relationship. This study examines the relationship between spirituality and the PRESOR in Pakistan and China, two culturally and religiously distinct nations, using a sample of managers enrolled in part-time MBA programs. Our findings indicate that spirituality positively affects PRESOR responses after controlling the effects of national differences. However, if adopting sub-samples in two countries, the relationship between spirituality and PRESOR responses is still positive in Pakistan but insignificant in China. This study contributes to the exploration of the context sensitivity of spirituality, PRESOR and their relationship, which expands the knowledge of them in Pakistan and China.