Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. However, post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a common and serious complication, significantly impacting patient prognosis and survival. Currently available antiviral agents are limited by bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxicity, drug resistance, and high cost, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Advances in immunotherapy - including CMV-specific T cells (CMV-CTL), TCR-engineered T cells (CMV-TCR-T), and natural killer (NK) cell therapies - as well as antibody-based approaches and prophylactic vaccines, provide new avenues for CMV management. Future treatment paradigms may integrate antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, and vaccination to improve outcomes in patients experiencing CMV reactivation after transplantation. This review summarizes the current progress of immunotherapeutic strategies for CMV infection following allo-HSCT. Relevant literature was identified through PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, covering the period from January 2000 to December 2025.
Wang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.