Paper I of the Digital Circuitality foundational series. Introduces informational closure as a paradigm for deterministic verified computation. v2 (March 2026): corrected per review by Prof. Laszlo B. Kish (Texas A&M University). Thermodynamic language replaced by information-theoretic formulation following Kish & Ferry (2018), DOI: 10.1007/s10825-017-1044-1.
Pérez López Carlos (Sun,) studied this question.