What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to analyze the association between mode of transport and survival outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in developing countries.

March 25, 2026

The Association Between Mode of Transport and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes in Developing Countries

Key Points

The study aims to analyze the association between mode of transport and survival outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in developing countries.
Retrospective analysis of PAROS registry data from 2015-2018
Included patients from Thailand, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam
Primary outcome: return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
Secondary outcome: survival to discharge or 30 days post-arrest
Subgroup analysis within participating countries.
A total of 3,905 patients were included in the analysis.
Public transport had the lowest ROSC rate at 17.0% and survival rate at 4.12%.
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) had a ROSC rate of 22.7% and a survival rate of 5.3%.
Private ambulance showed a ROSC rate of 29.0% and a survival rate of 12.5%.
Statistically significant differences were observed in ROSC and survival rates based on transport mode.

Abstract

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a critical medical emergency that poses significant global public health concerns. The survival rates for OHCA remain alarmingly low, contributing to as high as 10% of the total mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to analyze survival outcomes of OHCA patients in various developing countries, related to the mode of transport to the Emergency Department (ED). Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study registry (PAROS) data from 2015-2018. PAROS study is a multi-center cohort study providing baseline information on OHCA epidemiology, management, and outcomes. Data was analyzed from Thailand, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The primary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary outcome was survival to discharge or 30 days post-arrest. Subgroup analysis was performed within each country. Results: The study included 3,905 patients. 1,945 (49.8%) patients were conveyed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS), 448 (11.5%) by private ambulance, 1,148 (29.4%) by private transport, and 364 (9.32%) by public transport. The public transport group had the lowest ROSC rate at 17.0%, compared to EMS (22.7%), private ambulance (29.0%), and private transport (25.8%). Survival rate was also the lowest for the public transport group at 4.12%, compared to EMS (5.3%), private ambulance (12.5%), and private transport (5.05%). Both ROSC rate and survival outcomes were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis showed a significant relationship between the mode of transport and outcomes for Vietnam and China. Conclusion: In patients with OHCA in various developing countries, the mode of transport is associated with differing ROSC rates and survivability outcomes. More education of EMS services and other prehospital interventions, such as bystander CPR, can be done in these countries to improve outcomes for OHCA patients. Further research can be done to analyze how other prehospital interventions can affect outcomes for OHCA patients in developing countries.

Bookmark

View Full Paper

Cite This Study

Ang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c37b11b34aaaeb1a67d2d9 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x26106517

Bookmark

View Full Paper