A range of evidence supports the use of Hanen programs® in its original format, with acceptability reported by families from target communities (e.g., middle-class families) and educators (e.g., Westernized countries). Effectiveness studies in real-world contexts conclude that future research could evaluate content flexibility and adaptations to meet a diversity of families and communities. A precision family initiative has been suggested to shift future research from "Does Hanen work?" to "How can Hanen-based intervention optimize outcomes for individual families?"
Bartlett et al. (Mon,) studied this question.