Use of Point-Of-Care Ultrasound in a Low-Resource Setting to Identify Testicular Malignancy: A Case Report

Testicular cancer is one of the most common solid malignancies among men aged 15-35 years and is associated with excellent outcomes when identified early. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of scrotal pathology; however, access to timely imaging may be limited in low-resource primary care settings. This case describes a young male who initially presented with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria and later disclosed unilateral scrotal swelling. Initial urologic evaluation and computed tomography (CT) imaging failed to identify testicular pathology. Subsequent point-of-care scrotal ultrasound performed in a primary care clinic revealed a large complex cystic mass, prompting immediate escalation of care. Further evaluation confirmed a primary testicular malignancy, and the patient underwent definitive surgical management with radical orchiectomy. This case highlights the critical role of point-of-care ultrasound in facilitating early recognition and timely referral for testicular malignancy in low-resource settings. Primary care physicians should remain vigilant for atypical presentations and be proficient in identifying concerning sonographic features to reduce delays in diagnosis and intervention, thereby improving patient outcomes.