Ranging underwater acoustic sources in a waveguide perturbed by internal solitary waves is a challenging problem. This paper investigates the effects of internal solitary waves on the waveguide invariant. Utilizing the properties of the adiabatic component of the acoustic intensity when the internal solitary waves are in motion, a multi-frame finite-rate-of-innovation algorithm is proposed to estimate the original two-dimensional frequencies and waveguide invariant simultaneously from the corrupted acoustic interference pattern. A technique for pairing the two-dimensional frequencies is developed to estimate the range of the source. Acoustic simulations validate the accuracy and robustness of the ranging method in a waveguide with internal solitary waves, and the proportion of estimation error below 0.9 km is almost 80%.
Zhu et al. (Sun,) studied this question.