Advancements Application of Natural Goat Hair Fiber as a Renewable Energy Source: A Review

Goat hair, a significant yet underutilized byproduct of global goat production, holds immense potential for diverse industrial applications, especially in regions where goat farming supports rural economies under harsh and marginal agricultural conditions. As global demand for animal protein continues to rise, goats have emerged as a sustainable livestock option due to their adaptability and efficient feed‐to‐protein conversion. However, despite their contribution to food security and rural livelihoods, the utilization of goat hair fibers remains limited and poorly documented. This study aims to explore the potential uses of goat hair across multiple sectors, highlighting its value as a sustainable and biodegradable alternative to synthetic fibers. With growing environmental concerns over the widespread use of petroleum‐based materials, goat hair offers a renewable and eco‐friendly resource that can help reduce fiber waste and promote a circular economy. High‐value fibers such as cashmere and mohair already command premium prices in the international fashion market, while coarser goat hairs are suitable for functional uses like felts, rugs, and tents. Beyond textiles, goat hair possesses mechanical properties appropriate for use in composites for the automotive and construction industries. Its biodegradability, durability, and low toxicity further enhance its appeal in sustainable manufacturing. Moreover, goat hair is a rich source of keratin, which can be extracted through hydrolysis for use in cosmetics, wound dressings, and biomaterials. Pigment extraction from goat hair, using both water and solvent technology, also provides environmentally friendly dyes for use in textiles, cosmetics, and art supplies. Recognizing and utilizing the full potential of goat hair can not only increase the economic value of goats in developing regions but also contribute meaningfully to environmental sustainability and innovation in material science. This review emphasizes the need for continued research and development to unlock the full value of goat hair in global markets.