This editorial examines the current debate surrounding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence, the perceived surge in diagnoses and the growing pressure on healthcare services. It discusses the wide methodological variation in recent studies, the limited pool of high-quality evidence and the challenges this creates when trying to understand true population rates. The article highlights the gap between stable epidemiological estimates and the marked rise in referrals, waiting lists, private assessments and prescribing. It explores how increased awareness, evolving diagnostic criteria and improved detection of previously unrecognised cases contribute to the overall picture, along with the role of social media and shifting societal attitudes. Implications for policy and clinical practice are outlined, emphasising the need for efficient clinical pathways, better-quality data and more comprehensive, multi-informant assessments.
Khan et al. (Mon,) studied this question.