Goat production plays a critical role in food security, rural livelihoods, and economic development across Southeast and East Asia.The region supports a diverse range of production systems, from smallholder subsistence farming to commercial enterprises, and contributes significantly to meat, milk, and fiber supplies (Liang and Devendra, 2014; Kappes et al., 2023).However, goat populations in these areas face persistent threats from infectious diseases, including those with transboundary and zoonotic potential.Such diseases can reduce productivity, compromise animal welfare, and in some cases, pose substantial risks to public health (Amills et al., 2017; Xaydalasouk et al., 2021).Southeast and East Asia represent a unique epidemiological setting due to their diverse agroecological zones, high livestock density, and frequent cross-border movement of animals and animal products (Tiwari et al., 2022).The region has reported outbreaks of severalKJVS
Lee et al. (Mon,) studied this question.