What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Systematic Review. Population: Cardiovascular hemodynamics (n=19). Intervention: Nonlinear and multiscale 1D computational models vs. Linear 1D models. Primary outcome: Physiological accuracy and computational efficiency in simulating global cardiovascular hemodynamics.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This review aims to evaluate and compare one-dimensional computational models used in the human circulatory system.

April 4, 2026Open Access

One-dimensional computational circulatory models: a scoping review

Key Result

Nonlinear 1D models consistently outperformed linear models in simulating large elastic arteries and pathological conditions while maintaining computational efficiency.

Key Points

This review aims to evaluate and compare one-dimensional computational models used in the human circulatory system.
Conducted a systematic search for studies on 1D computational models.
Included studies focusing on entire circulatory system modeling.
Reviewed studies incorporating 0D and 3D components in modeling.
Identified a growing number of studies utilizing 1D models in circulatory research.
Found that 1D models effectively balance accuracy and computational demands.
Compared the advantages and limitations of 1D versus more complex models.

Study Design

Type

Systematic Review (n=19)

Structured PICO

Population

19 studies on computational 1D models of the entire arterial circulatory tree

Intervention

One-dimensional (1D) computational modeling (including linear, nonlinear, and multiscale frameworks integrating 0D and/or 3D components)

Outcome

Physiological accuracy and computational efficiency of the models

1D computational models provide a robust and computationally efficient framework for simulating global cardiovascular hemodynamics, with nonlinear and multiscale models offering enhanced physiological fidelity at the expense of higher computational demands.

Limitations

Heterogeneity among the included models, with some articles failing to elucidate which arterial segments were included or how they were modeled.
Wide publication timespan (1972 to 2023) encompassing vastly different baseline computational capacities.
Lack of direct multilateral comparisons between the different models, making direct benchmarking difficult.

Abstract

Background Computational modeling of human circulatory system has evolved significantly in recent decades. Among the various modeling strategies, one-dimensional (1D) models have emerged as alternatives to more complex models because of their balance between physiological accuracy and computational efficiency. Objective This scoping review aimed to summarize and compare the studies on 1D computational models of the entire circulatory system, including those that incorporated additional 0D and 3D components. Methods A systematic search was performed for studies on computational 1D ...

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Cite This Study

Nóbrega et al. (Thu,) conducted a systematic review in Cardiovascular hemodynamics (n=19). Nonlinear and multiscale 1D computational models vs. Linear 1D models was evaluated on Physiological accuracy and computational efficiency in simulating global cardiovascular hemodynamics. Nonlinear 1D models consistently outperformed linear models in simulating large elastic arteries and pathological conditions while maintaining computational efficiency.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69d0afc7659487ece0fa5e25 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2026rw1854

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