Aims: This study sought to examine the relationship between cognitive independence and predominant temperamental styles among postgraduate students at Anbar University. A further aim was to determine whether significant differences exist in cognitive independence and temperamental style according to gender (male/female) and academic specialization (scientific/humanities). Methodology: The sample consisted of 300 postgraduate students (143 male, 157 female) drawn from nine colleges at Anbar University. Two instruments were employed: the Beckert (2005) Cognitive Independence Scale (27 items) and the Keirsey (1978) Temperament Sorter (70 items). Validity and reliability were established for both measures using appropriate statistical procedures within SPSS. Results: Findings indicated that 74% of postgraduate students exhibited both cognitive independence and a defined predominant temperamental style. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between cognitive independence and the following temperament dimensions: extraversion, sensing, thinking, judging, and perceiving. Conversely, a significant inverse relationship was observed between cognitive independence and the dimensions of introversion, intuition, and feeling. Conclusions and Implications: Based on these results, the researchers put forward several recommendations for supporting postgraduate development and proposed directions for future inquiry.
Alshabaani et al. (Mon,) studied this question.