Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Incidence, Associations, and Effect of Risk Factor Assessment—Report of 33 Cases

Common associations of GBCA MR imaging and NSF were acute and severe chronic renal failure and liver or renal transplantation. Screening procedures performed before MR imaging to determine which patients were at risk of developing NSF appear to reduce the incidence of this complication and further support the belief that NSF is associated with GBCA administration.