YOLO-MBBi: PCB Surface Defect Detection Method Based on Enhanced YOLOv5

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are extensively used to assemble electronic equipment. Currently, PCBs are an integral part of almost all electronic products. However, various surface defects can still occur during mass production. An enhanced YOLOv5s network named YOLO-MBBi is proposed to detect surface defects on PCBs to address the shortcomings of the existing PCB surface defect detection methods, such as their low accuracy and poor real-time performance. YOLO-MBBi uses MBConv (mobile inverted residual bottleneck block) modules, CBAM attention, BiFPN, and depth-wise convolutions to substitute layers in the YOLOv5s network and replace the CIoU loss function with the SIoU loss function during training. Two publicly available datasets were selected for this experiment. The experimental results showed that the mAP50 and recall values of YOLO-MBBi were 95.3% and 94.6%, which were 3.6% and 2.6% higher than those of YOLOv5s, respectively, and the FLOPs were 12.8, which was much smaller than YOLOv7’s 103.2. The FPS value reached 48.9. Additionally, after using another dataset, the YOLO-MBBi metrics also achieved satisfactory accuracy and met the needs of industrial production.