An Integrative Approach to Lung Cancer Therapy: Linking the TGF-β (+869 C/T) Polymorphism to a Structurally Validated Natural Inhibitor

Key Points

• The central aim is to examine the relationship between the TGF-β (+869 C/T) polymorphism and lung cancer risk, while evaluating quercetin as an inhibitor.
• Investigated the TGF-β pathway activity in relation to the polymorphism.
• Analyzed the connection between the polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in the Iraqi population.
• Provided structural validation of quercetin as an inhibitor of ALK5.
• Identified a strong link between the TGF-β (+869 C/T) polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility.
• Confirmed quercetin as a promising natural inhibitor of the ALK5 pathway.